As a regional trading hub Dubai had greatly expanded its status with the creation of the Jebel Ali Free Zone in the early 1980s, and was well placed to capitalize on the inevitable upswing in Middle East business activity that came with high oil prices. Also, after the liberation of Kuwait, most of the supplies to reconstruct the oil field came through Jebel Ali.

The business upturn that followed the First Gulf War more than compensated for a slump in local business in 1990; and hotels, offices and other real estate projects followed in modest scale.

In 1995 General Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum was appointed Crown Prince of Dubai. For Dubai, this meant an accelerated economic transformation under clear and decisive leadership with expansion plans that are underpinned by business planning and a focus on investment return.

The original success of the Jebel Ali Free Zone in making Dubai a bigger trading hub has been used as a model in the development of a cluster of free zone cities. Dubai Internet City has been joined by the Dubai Media City, Dubai Maritime City and many others from a thriving zone for secondhand cars to one for tea trading.

Late 1990s saw some notable new buildings in Dubai designed to put the emirate on the global map. Seven-star Burj Al Arab hotel, the tallest free-standing hotel in the world, was the most successful in drawing attention to this city. Emirates Towers was built at the same time and is the tallest commercial building in Europe and the Middle East.

Sheikh Mohammed focused on world-class buildings and facilities which would make Dubai the location of choice for the worlds biggest companies. The return on investment was not just in real estate rentals but in the wider benefits that highly paid staff would add to the GDP of the emirate.